A synthesised framework of eco?industrial park transformation and stakeholder interaction

Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) combine the concepts and principles of industrial ecology (IE) symbiosis (IS) to enable environmentally-friendly manufacturing capacity. The current reality is that many EIPs are developed from ageing (IPs). However, how such EIP transformation projects managed by diverse public private stakeholders largely unknown. This study summarises results a systematic literature review (n = 61) identify five-stage process transformation. Five key influencing factors identified, drawing on theory, framework highlights these work together over time. While this serves as an overview body knowledge business social aspect transformation, main contribution propositions interactions order embedded in framework, which can guide future research especially early stages In practice, project managers judge stage based status back actions entities undertake progress systematically.